5x guided tour of STONEHENGE complex, a STONEHENGE webinar (with a lot of registrations) and more than 10 lectures about STONEHENGE given
STONEHENGE reading ppt/pdf NOT AVAILABLE, no requests please
| Direct to the INDEX |
|---|
STONEHENGE
UNESCO WORLD HERITAGE
Treasure of Britain
UNESCO WORLD HERITAGE
Treasure of Britain
On request, "everything" that was told during the STONEHENGE tours, webinar and lectures is summarized in this story!
To understand STONEHENGE, background stories are needed, but always assume that with STONEHENGE there will always be more questions and riddles than answers and explanations....
All often open ends....
The invitation to STONEHENGE webinar and lectures, also more or less the summary of this story, was the following description:
- The Stonehenge complex is perhaps one of the most famous prehistoric sites in Western Europe
and still surrounded by questions and mysteries.
The most striking are of course the famous standing stones, which stand as a special monument in the landscape.
The stenen henge forms an integral part with the surrounding archaeological area.
Research has provided more and more insights about this special site in recent years.
How did Stonehenge come about, when, who were the possible builders and what was the function of this archaeological monument.
From 2013 onwards, the entire complex will undergo a thorough revitalisation.
In recent years, many new insights have been gained about the interpretation of the entire complex, including through research on the Orkney Islands, at the Stanton Drew Stone Circle and Waun Mawn.
In a few years, the Stonehenge reconstructed in the 50s become an integral part of a more complete archaeological site.
The nearest Avebury henge is also briefly discussed.
This Dutch English translation is done automatically by Google Translate, so....
Index links stories, there are more to come.... Of course, you can also search for something with CTRL-F ...
- How do you pronounce Stonehenge
- Where does the word Stonehenge come from, probably... i.e. what is the basic principle
- Smaller Bluestones were also used
- Differences between Sarsens and Bluestones
- What is a Henge??
- How many henges are there in England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland?
- What are the dimensions of a henge? Avebury the largest henge?
- How many stone circles are there in Great Britain and what are the dimensions of stone circles, such as those of Stonehenge
- When did stone circles start, such as the one at Stonehenge, with or without a henge
- A henge is round, a stone circle is not always round, a stone circle sometimes points to another stone circle or wood circle.
Like on the Stonehenge site! And what is a Cove / inlet at stone circles?
- Why was the accessibility of both the Stonehenge stone circle and the terrain around it changed around 2013?
- How big is the terrain (Stonehenge site) around the Stonehenge stone circle?
What can you find?
- Can you fly a drone over the Stonehenge site and Stonehenge stone circle?
- What are the Lesser Course and the Stonehenge Course at the Stonehenge site, north of the Stonehenge Stone Circle
- The Barrows / Burial Mounds surrounding the Stonehenge Stone Circle, at the Stonehenge site
- The ceremonial Avenue runs from the River Avon to the Stonehenge stone circle
- Something about Solstices, Equinoxes, Annual Festivals including the Yule / Yule Festival, important in understanding Stonehenge
- The mysterious Durrington Walls and Woodhenge
- The Stanton Drew Stone Circles and Wood Circles ("Woodhenges")
- Heel Stone, Slaughter Stone and Altar Stone are very special Stonehenge stone circle stones
- Title
- Title
- Title
- Title
- Title
- Title
- Title
- Title
- Title
- Title
1. How do you pronounce Stonehenge
-
The stress should be on the 2e syllable and therefore NOT on the 1e syllable:
So it is Stone HENGE and not STONE Henge.
So the emphasis is on the concept of HENGE, More about this in this chapter:
| Back to the INDEX |
|---|
2. Where does the word Stonehenge come from, probably... or what is the basic principle
-
The word Stonehenge is said to be a corruption of Stanehinge, translated as Stone hinge.
The bracelet below shows the principle, but with a Stanehinge of course with stones....
Translated to a Stonehenge Trilithon (tristone) a Stone hinge looks like this:
On top lies the Lintel, presses and holds the large heavy Sarsen stones in place. The heavy Sarsens are also bent slightly towards the center of the stone circle, so they are deliberately not perpendicular. The Lintel pushes the whole thing out slightly.
To be able to make a circle of Sarsens, the Sarsens must be able to be rotated a bit when placing and that is in my opinion the most genius about such a Trilithon, how did they do that around 2300 BC???
Try to make a perfect circle yourself with upright long heavy planks to be dug in!
The Lintels (Lintels) were in turn held in place by the Sarsens via a "pin hole" connection and mutual via a "groove tongue" connection and that already around 2300 BC and then in stone...
The Sarsens were thus placed in a circle and held by "overlapping" lintels through the pin hole and grooved tongue connections on top of the Sarsens.
And oh yes, don't forget to turn the Sarsens slightly, so that all Sarsens are in a nice circle!
It all seems simple, but around 2300 BC....
The people who designed and executed this had a genius technical insight, for which we can only have admiration and deep respect!
On the photo below you can admire the very beautiful end of a Sarsen on the left, indeed the Sarsen is getting narrower both in height and width, Genius right? And also leans forward slightly, but unfortunately that is not noticeable.
That point on top is the pin for the hole in the Lintel!
Some people think that point on top of the Sarsen is something spiritual, that's allowed, but...
The stone on the right in the photo below, I always give the name "70s scrap, a scrap had a groove on one side of the long side over the entire length (as on this stone) and on the other side over the entire length of the scrap a tongue", joke of course, but to make this groove in stone in 2300 BC... admiration
| Back to the INDEX |
|---|
3. Smaller Bluestones were also used
-
The smaller stones are called Bluestones:
| Back to the INDEX |
|---|
4. Differences between Sarsens and Bluestones
-
Including the place of origin:
- Number of Sarsens: 82
- Description: King-size "sandstones"
- Total height up to 9 meters, of which about 2 meters in the ground
- Weight sometimes about 50,000 kg
- Origin: Marlborough Downs
- Number of Bluestones supplied: 80
- Description: "Blue" granite stones
- Total height up to 2 meters, of which about 0.5 meters in the ground
- Weight sometimes about 3,000 kg
- Origin: Preseli Hills
How did they come to the Stonehenge site and how long did it take etc. we will come back to
| Back to the INDEX |
|---|
5. What is a Henge??
-
A nice compact English definition describes it as follows:
- Circular earthen wall(s) with a diameter of more than 20 meters
- INSIDE the earthen wall (wall) a ditch (ditch) as opposed to a city wall with a ditch OUTSIDE a moat (moat)
- A henge therefore had NO military purpose
- Although Stonehenge ALSO has a barely visible ditch OUTSIDE the earthen wall....
- A henge therefore had NO military purpose
- There are different types of henges: I, II and III: respectively one, two and four opposite passages
A circular banked enclosure with an internal ditch
In Dutch loosely translated as
Circular plain surrounded by an earthen wall with a ditch, accessible through various openings in the earthen wall
In 1932, Thomas Kendrick came up with the following additional definition of a Henge:
The bottom photo is a very famous henge, OLD SARUM, just west of Stonehenge, also very worthwhile.
Old Sarum is indeed high, by the way this whole area with the name Salisbury Plain is relatively high, always a lot of wind and often rain, Stonehenge is also on the Salisbury Plain, why build something like Stonehenge in such a windy place??
Old Sarum (famous for a number of historical events, but we're not going to talk about that here) was abandoned after a violent storm, north of it, in a more favorable spot, New Sarum was built, which we now know as Salisbury.
What is built within the ditch follows the principle of Organic Growth, what it will look like in the end depends on a lot of factors!
Also for what purpose the henge started, is usually unclear.
And city also grows according to the Organic Growth principle!
In the following image Northern Dutch mounds, possibly also started as a kind of henge?
A mound often focuses on a church.
A henge was often a symbol of wealth and power, sometimes religious, a meeting place for gatherings, religious, ceremonial, justice, rituals at happy and sad events etc etc etc
And what was the ditch / ditch for?? Often to put down sacrificial animals and then maybe burn / sacrifice them?? See the following image:
What kind of ditch / ditch dimensions do occur? In the image above ca 1 meter deep, 2 meters wide at the top?
But a ditch / ditch depth of 2 meters, width at the top of 4 meters has also been found!
It must also be realized that the excavation of such a ditch / ditch in say 3000BC or even rather, was quite a job....
How did they do that, with what tool??
With how many people and how long did it take to excavate such a ditch??
And, not unimportant, often such a ditch / ditch is dug out in rocky soils
HOW DID THEY MANAGE THAT???
And last but not least, the sometimes quite high earthen wall of excavated material from the ditch / ditch, was most likely immediately a kind of separation of something that took place (ritual) within the henge, for example in and around the Stonehenge, we will come back to this!!
On the Stonehenge site, north of the Stonehenge Circle, you will find the Stonehenge Course, in short a rectangular henge. (LINK)
| Back to the INDEX |
|---|
6. How many henges are there in England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland?
-
Throughout Great Britain (England, Scotland and Wales, with Northern Ireland as an addition) there are more than 1000, with or without stone circles!
In Scotland there are, in my opinion, over 80 henges, according to the link below, 88 henges in Scotland, of which 6 are excellently described
- By the way, just one of my hobbyhorses....
One of the first things I always tried to convey to Dutch groups is the name of the country, Great Britain; and not England. England is only a part of Great Britain, just as Holland is only a part of the Netherlands.
Calling a Scotsman, Welsman or Northern Irishman an Englishman is therefore not good and is of course not appreciated, just like calling a Frisian or Limburger a Dutchman.
The name of the British Flag is not always correct, the English Flag is really something else.
At the Stonehenge visitor center flies both the British and English flags......
Instead of the long Great Britain you can also call the country UK (United Kingdom) or the UK (United Kingdom) or just call Britain.
In the meantime, were you wondering how many
Then click here
| Back to the INDEX |
|---|
7. What are the dimensions of a henge? Avebury the largest henge?
-
Many henges have a diameter of about 100 meters, very much smaller than 100 meters diameter henges are called Mini-henges, much larger than 100 meters diameter henges are called Superhenges.
For comparison: the Stonehenge
One of the largest henges in Great Britain is located about 35 km north of Stonehenge, AVEBURY.
The AVEBURY henge has a diameter of more than 300 meters and is more than 1 km walk in circumference, own experience too...
The earthen wall is sometimes 5 meters high.
AVEBURY is about 1000 years older than Stonehenge!
AVEBURY originally had more than 600 stones, of which there are now about 100 left, the remaining stones have a height of about 2 to more than 5 meters.
AVEBURY is LESS TOURISTY compared to Stonehenge!
The town of Avebury is partly in the henge, very special, would no longer be given permission for this. According to an urban legend, the part of Avebury within the henge would be haunted....
The Avebury site, see below, (henge with stones) together with the Stonehenge site forms a WORLD HERITAGE SITE, so it's worth going to Avebury as well!
In the bottom image above, this is what Avebury would have looked like!
Avebury had 2 smaller central stone circles and a very large stone circle in terms of dimensions, close to the ditch / ditch! Possibly an imaginary separation of something that took place (ritual) within the henge?
MAIN to Avebury:
How do you get such a beautiful henge circle done, how is that planned, which genius (or group) does this neat circle (just walk past it....) with a diameter of more than 300 meters released and why exactly in this place???
If that had to be done now, days of work just to set out the circle, excavate mechanically (?), assess with aerial photos, still neatly round?? Etc etc.
And then afterwards put all those stones in place: originally more than 600 stones, of which about 100 are now left.
In short, again very great admiration for these Neolithic Superhenge with three stone circles "constructed" between 3500BC and 3000BC (!), Probably hundreds of years have been worked on this, when you realize this, it makes you completely silent.....
| Back to the INDEX |
|---|
8. How many stone circles are there in Britain; and what are the dimensions of stone circles, such as those of Stonehenge
-
So a henge is different from a stone circle, do you want to know how many
- England 316 stone circles, including those of Stonehenge and Avebury.
- Scotland 508 stone circles
- Wales 81 stone circles
- Northern Ireland 156 stone circles
- Channel islands 6 stone circles
- Rest of Ireland 187 stone circles
- Brittany 49 stone circles
Click here
Total there are in Great Britain, Ireland and Brittany (also called Little Britain ) 1303 stone circles:
There is even a stone circle trail from Cornwall via Stonehenge, Avebury and Stanton Drew stone circles, see the following image:
Avebury, diameter over 300 meters: Just click here And look at the bottom image in the composite image, the outer stone circle near the henge has a diameter of more than 300 meters, the 2 smaller stone circles have a diameter of about 100 meters.
The Stanton Drew stone circle (see link below) has a diameter of about 112 meters, the Ring of Brodgar stone circle (we will also come back to that) a diameter of almost 104 meters.
The Stonehenge stone circle has a diameter of about 35 meters.
It has been calculated that the average stone circle, of a total of 1303 stone circles, has only a diameter of about 13 meters. So most stone circles are relatively small compared to, for example, the outer stone circle of Avebury.
According to Alexander Thom a standard size was used when plotting a stone circle, so many times 0.83 meters, he called this a megalithic yard (2.72 feet).
Stonehenge therefore has a diameter of (35 / 0.83) ca 42 megalithic yards
| Back to the INDEX |
|---|
9. When did stone circles, like those of Stonehenge, with or without a henge start?
-
STONE CIRCLES (some call it STONE CIRCLES) wooden poles were often used, (some speak of WOODEN CIRCLES), but they are usually called WOOD CIRCLES. We will see later that wooden poles of sometimes 7 meters length were used, where did they get them from, is immediately the question again....
- Avebury: built between ca 2850BC and 2200BC
- Stanton Drew Stone circle: built between ca 3000 and 2000BC
- Ring of Brodgar: built ca 2500BC
In English, a timber circle was given the name "timber post circles", later with the addition "high density timber post circles", which was of course too long a name and so, just like with Stonehenge (where the name mainly refers to the stone circle), the name WOODHENGE was used.
VERY CONFUSING INDEED
Earlier
Just click here
was told that the word Stonehenge would be a corruption of Stanehinge, translated as Stone hinge.
On the Stonehenge site, an area of about 30 km2, you can also find remnants of a WOODHENGE, we will get to it automatically....
In the image below a Woodhenge as it occurred with the Maya!
The Native Americans even built Woodhenges around the year 1000, so only 1500 years ago, with a diameter of about 125 meters, for which 48 red painted cedar poles were used.
Why they did this and e.g. also the Mayans, it is assumed to be able to record the different year seasons or the position of the sun! (we will of course come back to this)
Why the wood circles were replaced by stone circles, stones of course last longer, but more importantly, wood is the symbol of finite life and stone the symbol of death and eternity, that's why we also place tombstones and not wood stones!
The oldest stone circles are in Anatolia, in Gobekli Tepe and surroundings.
The twenty (!) Gobekli Tepe stone circles date from the year 9000BC and are therefore about 12,000 years old, whether there were wood circles beforehand can no longer be determined at this age. Compared to the Egyptian pyramids, the Gobekli Tepe stone circles were built 5000 years earlier!
In the image below a Gobekli Tepe stone circle, as it should have been (top) and the current situation (bottom):
Stone circles can also be found in South America, (Intiwatan and Calcoence), Armenia; (Karahunge), Iran (Darabgird) as far as Australia; and Japan.
There are also underwater stone circles, once built on land, but disappeared under water in the course of time.
A brilliant example is what was discovered very recently near the Scottish island of Skye, archaeologists from the University of Glasgow have located 20 man-made stone circles there. Diameters 3 - 5 meters!
Conclusion: these now underwater stone circles were made at least 11,000 years ago, so thousands of years older than the Stomehenge stone circle
For more details and a picture click on one of these links, top in English, below a Dutch summary:
A very nice overview of stone circles can be found on this page:
A SMALL SELECTION
If we now limit ourselves to already mentioned and sometimes already discussed British stone circles and end with Stonehenge, these are some years:
If we compare these examples with the Stonehenge stone circle, the Stonehenge stone circle was built later than the above examples, see the image below:
The images above are of course available in all kinds of variants, but this is my favorite....
Start with a henge and then, Organic Growth, a stone circle is created!
For Organic Growth explanation
Just click here
For comparison, we in 2025 will finish something that began in the year 1000 to propose???
Was there a kind of Masterplan behind it, from which there was no deviation?????
Most stone circles have been used sometimes for 2000 years for a ceremony or something similar.
Compared to the Egyptian pyramids, most stone circles were built centuries earlier!
| Back to the INDEX |
|---|
10. A henge is round, a stone circle is not always round, a stone circle sometimes points to another stone circle or wood circle.
Like on the Stonehenge site! And what is a Cove / inlet at stone circles?
-
Stone circles do not always have to be round, and are often described as elliptical, egg-shaped, or deliberately flattened in the shape of
eyeballs.
- Flattened stone circle with a reception stone at the bottom right with the hall / Cove above it, the whole has the nice name Long Meg and Her Daughters in Cumbria (Lake District) and are part of a large stone circle complex northeast of Penrith. The third in size after the Avebury and Stanton Drew stone circles respectively.
- An obvious Cove, name stone circle???
- Avebury Cove
- Stanton Drew Cove
- If the Stonehenge stone circle would have had a Cove, maybe it would have looked like this??
Stone circles often "look" at each other, when you go out, "you walk right in at another stone circle", on the Stonehenge site this is also the case, the opening of the Woodhenge is aimed at the opening of the Stonehenge stone circle, we will come back to this.
Stone circles are or were often provided with a Cove, literally an inlet, but I have always used (for the Dutch group) the Dutch description "halletje". In the Netherlands you usually step through the front door into a hall, usually described in English as Reception Room.
In a Cove people were received or the ceremony began???
In the image below some examples of a flattened stone circle and a Cove, from bottom to top:
| Back to the INDEX |
|---|
11. Why was the accessibility of both the Stonehenge stone circle and the terrain around it changed around 2013?
-
Until well into the 80s, if you drove west via the A303, you could turn right to the A344 just before Stonehenge and then park near the Stonehenge stone circle and in my memory you were also allowed to walk through the Stonehenge stone circle. Well those days are rightly over!
There was only a small parking lot, so there was also parking on the roadside!
With a large group in 2010 you had to walk through a narrow narrow tunnel under the A344, people on the way back had to go through it at the same time, A claustrophobic experience, BBRR!
Near the Stonehenge stone circle you can still find a small piece of that scary narrow tunnel, of course worth a photo for the elderly, with stories:
"Do you remember when we walked there in that crowd of people??"
Anyway, that's all over, because for several reasons everything was drastically changed to the current situation. The result was more peace and respect for something that was once built EN the surrounding terrain (the Stonehenge site / terrain / landscape) became more accessible.
It was summarized as follows, see image above, from top to bottom:
Visitor facilities dated and inadequate
Long queues for the single cash registers, turnstile gates that regularly got stuck
Limited appreciation of wider landscape
It was "just" about taking a picture of the Stonehenge stone circle and then quickly back to the car / bus!
What has changed?
Remove existing buildings and car parks.
Return to grass.
A344 so disappeared as a main road, remnants narrowed, is now used by the shuttle buses, what is not necessary, has just been removed!
Opportunities to walk in an archaeologically rich landscape
In the bottom image (of the image above) what can be seen globally, including on the left the current visitor center with large parking lot.
In the next chapter (LINK) clearer images)
There are now better functioning cash registers, more than enough toilets, a fantastic exhibition space and of course a restaurant annex shop. It was hardly there before 2013. And of course, it is recommended to buy your ticket to get close to the Stonehenge stone circle online. Really saves a few lines!
There are shuttle buses from the visitor center to the Stonehenge stone circle and back, only on presentation of your ticket of course.
To the left of the visitor center you can walk onto the site for free (Stonehenge site), you come close to the Stonehenge stone circle, only then do you have to show your ticket to get close to it!
Finally, make no mistake about the area / distances of the Stonehenge site / terrain / landscape!
The Stonehenge site has an area of about 30 km2 (so more than 4000 football fields) and more than 400 prehistoric monuments, including the Stonehenge stone circle.
According to the above image, made about 200 meters to the left of the visitor center in the direction of the Stonehenge stone circle, it is about a 90-minute walk over grassland v.v. to the Durrington Walls / Woodhenge and then you also have to walk back, or walk south, (to the right in this image) same distance or, even better, walk to the Stonehenge stone circle, from the Durrington Walls / Woodhenge this is about a 60 minute walk and show your ticket there, and then take the shuttle bus back to the visitor center.
From the YOU ARE HERE walk directly to the Stonehenge stone circle in the picture, will take you about 30 minutes! At some point you really have to show your ticket or walk back.
That yellow stripe on the picture is the length of the Stonehenge Course, and below that on the left the shorter yellow stripe is the Lesser Course, we will also come back to this of course, just like on the Durrington Walls / Woodhenge and the many Barrows etc. (LINK)
The red line along the Fargo drop off is the route of the shuttle bus over the discontinued remains of the A344 and ends at the Stonehenge stone circle and indeed the dot of the Stonehenge stone circle is only part of the huge Stonehenge site, now more accessible than before 2013.
A separate chapter has been made about the Stonehenge site and flying a stone circle with a drone, (LINK), in short DON'T, FORBIDDEN!
In the next chapter (LINK) we will go deeper into what can be seen during the walk on the Stonehenge site, of course with a map, which you can open via a link.
| Back to the INDEX |
|---|
12. How big is the terrain (Stonehenge site) around the Stonehenge stone circle?
What can you find?
-
With the help of this link you can view the entire Stonehenge site:
- What are the Lesser Course and the Stonehenge Course at the Stonehenge site, north of the Stonehenge stone circle
- The Barrows / Burial Mounds around the Stonehenge Stone Circle, at the Stonehenge site
- The ceremonial Avenue runs from the River Avon to the Stonehenge Stone Circle
- The mysterious Durrington Walls and Woodhenge
In my lectures I have always asked, where is the Stonehenge stone circle?
Indeed a bit of searching maybe, very small compared to the rest, BUT nice and central.
To help people in the room, I then had Powerpoint draw a RED circle around the Stonehenge stone circle, indeed, the Stonehenge stone circle is very small in area compared to the rest of the Stonehenge site!
But the Stonehenge stone circle is the most important cultural-historical monument on the Stonehenge site
Have measured the map once and came to the following dimensions: ca 5.5 at 5.5 km2, so it is consistent with the following quote from the previous chapter: (LINK)
-
The Stonehenge site has an area of approx 30 km2 (so more than 4000 football fields) and more than 400 prehistoric monuments, w.o. the Stonehenge stone circle.
According to the above image, made about 200 meters to the left of the visitor center in the direction of the Stonehenge stone circle, it is about a 90-minute walk over grassland v.v. to the Durrington Walls / Woodhenge and then you also have to walk back, or walk south, (to the right in this image) same distance or, even better, walk to the Stonehenge stone circle, from the Durrington Walls / Woodhenge this is about a 60-minute walk and show your ticket there, and then take the shuttle bus back to the visitor center.
From the YOU ARE HERE on the image directly to the Stonehenge stone circle, it will take you about 30 minutes! At some point you really have to show your ticket or walk back.
That yellow stripe on the picture is the length of the Stonehenge Course, and below that on the left the shorter yellow stripe is the Lesser Course, we will also come back to that of course, just like on the Durrington Walls / Woodhenge and the many Barrows etc.
The red line along the Fargo drop off is the route of the shuttle bus over the discontinued remains of the A344 and ends at the Stonehenge stone circle and indeed the dot of the Stonehenge stone circle is only part of the huge Stonehenge site, now more accessible than before 2013.
Over the Stonehenge site and stone circle flying with a drone, a separate chapter has been made, (LINK), in short DON'T, FORBIDDEN!
In this chapter we will take a closer look at what can be seen during the walk on the Stonehenge site.
What can we do on the Stonehenge site:
In separate chapters they are then discussed separately
Of course we will also continue with the origin, construction, history etc etc of the Stonehenge stone circle!
| Back to the INDEX |
|---|
13. Can you fly a drone over the Stonehenge site and Stonehenge stone circle?
-
Without written permission from English Heritage, NOT may be flown over the Stonehenge site!
flying over the Stonehenge stone circle is FORBIDDEN.
The Stonehenge site can be visited FREE, if you want to get close to the Stonehenge stone circle, you have to pay for it and so attempts are made to fly over the Stonehenge stone circle from the freely accessible Stonehenge site...
DON'T please very disturbing!
For more info
| Back to the INDEX |
|---|
14. What are the Lesser Course and the Stonehenge Course at the Stonehenge site, north of the Stonehenge Stone Circle
-
Quote from the chapter What is a Henge?? (LINK):
- An overview
- As it could have been
- The current situation
- On the Stonehenge site, north of the Stonehenge stone circle, you will find the Stonehenge Course, In short, a rectangular henge.
In Dutch you can best describe the term Course as Structure or Earthwork.
In Great Britain there are about 500 (!) courses, only in the Stonehenge Course you can still recognize something of the earthen wall with ditch, But don't imagine too much of that, it's not all really clear anymore, after walking past it for a few hundred meters, most people drop out.
Course comes from the Latin for 'racetrack'. It used to be believed to be Roman racetracks!
The Stonehenge Course is dated between 3630 and 3375 BC, so several hundreds of years before the construction of the Stonehenge Stone Circle!
The Stonehenge Course is approx 3 kilometres long and approx 100 - 150 metres wide.
The Stonehenge Course is more or less aligned east-west and is focused on the sunrise on the spring and autumn equinoxes, what are equinoxes?
It is discussed in this chapter:
The ditches of the Stonehenge Course (ditches henge: see (LINK) ) are not the same everywhere in width and depth. The width varies between 2.75 meters and 1.8 meters, the depth between 0.75 meters and 2 meters.
Of the Lesser (Small) Course there is little left, In WWII it seems to have been ploughed up, and so hardly anything to discover is my experience.
The Lesser (Small) Course is about 400 meters long and 60 meters wide, facing west-southwest and east-northeast.
During excavations at the Lesser Cursus pickaxes of red deer antlers were discovered, dated to about 3000 BC.
What was the purpose of Courses? No one knows exactly, but it could be, it is assumed, that it is a ceremony. le place was to walk in the daily track of the sun, so from East to West.
Finally some images: this one below with yellow "Stonehenge Course" stripe, comes from this chapter, among others: (LINK)
Below, from top to bottom:
| Back to the INDEX |
|---|
15. The Barrows / Burial Mounds surrounding the Stonehenge Stone Circle, at the Stonehenge site
-
The Stonehenge Barrows, as they are usually called, are sometimes different in shape and sometimes empty, compared to Barrows elsewhere in Great Britain.
- Winterbourne Stoke Barrow Cemetery, on the right side of the road to the Stonehenge stone circle
- Normanton Down Barrow Cemetery, on the other side of the A303
- Course Barrow Cemetery
- Normanton Down Barrow Cemetery
- 2 examples of Stonehenge Barrow forms, numbers #2 and #4 are also called Cup and Saucer Barrow...
The Stonehenge Barrows were sometimes used several times, sometimes everything was cleared first and sometimes not. Why?
The Stonehenge Barrows/Burial Mounds are also usually grouped together. Why?
It is suspected that being buried somewhere on the Stonehenge site in the Stonehenge Barrows / Burial Mounds was a very special privilege, or the distance to the Stonehenge stone circle was also important?
In total there are about 400 Barrows / Burial Mounds somewhere on the Stonehenge site!
Graves have also been found nearby, around the Stonehenge stone circle, in the famous Aubrey Holes, we will of course come back to that.
The Stonehenge Barrows sometimes differ in shape from Barrows / Burial mounds elsewhere in Great Britain.
A few well-known names of Stonehenge Barrow / Burial mound groups at the Stonehenge site are, see also the maps in the following chapters:
How big is the area (Stonehenge site) around the Stonehenge stone circle?
What are the Lesser Course and the Stonehenge Course at the Stonehenge site, north of the Stonehenge stone circle
What are the Lesser Course and the Stonehenge Course at the Stonehenge site, north of the Stonehenge stone circle
In the last mentioned chapter about the Lesser Course and the Stonehenge Course you can see in the last image, to the right of the Stonehenge Course, above the trees, the
Course Barrow Cemetery
discover!
In the images below an enlargement of the Course Barrow Cemetery.
But also these Stonehenge Barrow / Burial Mound groups on the Stonehenge site are worth a visit:
All these mentioned Stonehenge Barrow/Burial Mound groups I have ever visited, Don't expect too much of it, of course it's not really spectacular, but you do come to your senses, there is an enormous peace of mind, to be there and muse about what has happened here and then see all those people from a distance at the Stonehenge stone circle.
In short, I highly recommend to look for the Stonehenge Barrow / Burial Mound groups on the Stonehenge site!
Of course also some images with explanation:
A beautiful reconstruction!
This image is from the chapter
- Quote:
And what was the ditch / ditch for?? Often to put down sacrificial animals and then maybe burn / sacrifice them??
Whether that also happened at the Stonehenge Barrows????
From top to bottom:
| Back to the INDEX |
|---|
16. The ceremonial Avenue runs from the River Avon to the Stonehenge stone circle
-
It is advised to read this chapter first:
- There are two avenues, one to the Stonehenge Stone Circle (length about 3 km) and, on the right, one to the Durrington Walls. Both Avenues come from the River Avon
- In the 60's it was shown that heavy Stonehenge stones can also be transported over the water of the River Avon or it happened that way, I never read anything about it again...
- The bend in the Avenue towards the Stonehenge stone circle is called BOTTOM, the periglacial stripes are clearly visible, for more explanation, see above
- The Stonehenge stone circle was aligned in line with the Avenue periglacial stripes
- On the way via the Avenue to the Stonehenge stone circle, again clearly visible the periglacial stripes
- A barely visible Avenue, if you know it, you will see it. From the Stonehenge stone circle a bit more visible, indicated by an arrow on the ground, on the left side of the Stonehenge stone circle, there is always someone pointing at it...
To get your orientation, look at the fourth image, with the yellow text Summer Solstice Sunrise, stand at the beginning of the yellow arrow near the Stonehenge stone circle and then try to discover the Avenue!
The ceremonial Avenue runs from the River Avon to the Stonehenge stone circle
On the grounds of the Stonehenge site there are even TWO Avenues (NL: Lanen): one to the Stonehenge stone circle (length about 3 km) and one to the Durrington Walls. (Link see below)
Both Avenues come from the River Avon.
Of course they were ceremonial roads on the way to the Stonehenge stone circle and the Durrington Walls:
The Avenue may also have been used to transport something to the Stonehenge stone circle and the Durrington Walls.
In 2009 a ring of pits was discovered near the River Avon containing some stone remains, but it later turned out to have nothing to do with the Stonehenge stone circle Bluestones, the idea was that near the River Avon the Bluestones were temporarily stored / placed to be taken to the Stonehenge stone circle later.
What are Bluestones, see these stories:
The most important function of the Avenue, it was discovered, is that the direction of the Avenue coincides exactly with the sunrise of the Summer Solstice.
The presence of ridges and gullies (periglacial stripes) that happen to be (?) were in line with the direction of the Summer Solstice, was possibly revered and later used to align the Stonehenge stone circle!
The Avenue AROUND the ridges and gullies (periglacial stripes) to the Stonehenge stone circle is even said to have been deliberately constructed, somewhere between 2600 - 1700 BC. And AFTER THAT the Stonehenge stone circle was built, the much older ridges and gullies (periglacial stripes) were of course available all year round to while the Summer Solstice is only short, of course.
In short, A BRILLIANT SOLUTION to build and align the Stonehenge stone circle
Below are 6 images with explanation, from top to bottom:
| Back to the INDEX |
|---|
17. Something about Solstices, Equinoxes, Annual Festivals including the Yule / Yule Festival, important in understanding Stonehenge
-
On the internet you can of course find much more information about Solstices, Equinoxes, Annual Festivals including the Yule / Yule Festival, so in this chapter a summary.
- Imbolc (around 2 February): also called Ploughing and Sowing Festival, the earth is made fertile again.
- Ostara (around 21 March): feast of the New Life, also called Spring Festival, the first eggs appear, (Easter fires), Spring Equinox
- Beltane (around May 1): fertility feast
- Midsummer Litha (June 21): solar power maximum, after that the days get shorter, Summer Solstice
- Lughnasa / Lammas (around August 2): feast of the grain harvest
- Mabon (around September 21): another harvest festival, this time around the picking of fruits, Autumn Equinox
- Samhain (November 1): start of darker times, days are getting shorter (Haloween)
- Yule (around December 21): Midwinter festival, start of the new year, the sun slowly returns, the wheel of the year is started again, Winter Solstice, MOST IMPORTANT ANNUAL FESTIVAL
- JOEL (Dutch) / Yule (English) also literally means Midwinter feast, in many languages it is still synonymous with Christmas and the period around it!
- In Swedish and Danish, for example, Christmas is still (sometimes?) Yul.
- In English, in some regions of England and Scotland, including some Orkney and Shetland Islands, Christmas and especially the accompanying Christmas season are still called Yule.
- In the eastern part of northern Germany, the word Jul is also often used for the entire Christmas season!
- The 12 transitional nights around the New Year, the Sun will shine longer again, in the fight between Summer and Winter, Summer will fortunately be the victor again
- Commemorating deceased ancestors with cult festivals
- New fires are lit, the old fires are extinguished
At a Solstice, (Latin: Solstitium) we have a Summer Solstice and a Winter Solstice, with respectively the longest and shortest day in combination with respectively the shortest and the longest night, so on or around June 21 and on or around December 21.
With an Equinox, the days and nights are the same length, and so we have a Spring Equinox (on or around March 21, the beginning of spring) and an Autumn Equinox (on or around September 23, the beginning of autumn).
Our ancestors, such as the Germans, also knew these special days.
The designers of the Stonehenge stone circle have consciously used their knowledge about solstices in particular!
In summary, the Stonehenge stone circle was "aligned" on or around the Summer Solstice, but the largest festivities in the following years were celebrated NOT on or around the Summer Solstice, BUT on or around the Winter Solstice, about which of course much more later and in subsequent chapters!
For centuries, the Germanic people and the builders of the Stonehenge stone circle and many other cultures, even organized parties every 2 months, which we still know today!
The 2 monthly festivals are called the JAARFEESTEN / every 2 months celebrations, as can be seen in the circle diagram below:
KERSTFEEST = CHRISTMAS
So there are 8 ANNUAL FEASTS :
The Winter Solstice has indeed become our Christmas, the lights in the Christmas tree symbolize the stars in the sky, the peak symbolizes the pole star, the garlands the milky way, according to tradition!
How did Christmas originate instead of the Yule feast, In summary:
On December 25, the Romans celebrated the Winter Solstice, the Dies Natalis Solis Invicti. The God Mithras, also known as Sol Invictus, or the Invincible Sun, was worshipped. Celebrating the birthday of the Invincible Sun was a popular custom in Rome.
In the 4e century, Pope Liberius therefore established the birthday of Christ on the same December 25 as a replacement for the Yule feast, so the choice for December 25 is not based on Biblical sources. The choice for this day can also be seen as a concession to the Romans to be converted.
Maybe some fun facts:
And then the Stonehenge stone circle, it will be clear that here too the Yule festival was the most important annual festival, the Stonehenge stone circle was even erected to celebrate the Yule festival together from the Durrington Walls and via the Avenue: see these 2 chapters:
The mysterious Durrington Walls and Woodhenge
The ceremonial Avenue runs from the River Avon to the Stonehenge stone circle
The ceremonial Avenue runs from the River Avon to the Stonehenge stone circle
Finally, an often-used image, I think it was once in the Stonehenge Visitor Center, the Yule party at the Stonehenge stone circle, we will come back to that more often. The most important thing can be discovered on the image below in which time of year this Yule festival took place, INDEED DURING A SNOW PERIOD, on or around December 21!!
In the Durrington Walls story (see link above) there are more arguments why the Winter Solstice was much more important than the Summer Solstice. And fortunately, BBC News also pays attention to the celebration of the Winter Solstice at the Stonehenge stone circle and it is usually said that the celebrated Winter Solstice (Yule) was celebrated much more exuberantly than the Summer Solstice (Litha).
A participant of the Winter Solstice talked about the celebration, also now, of the Yule Festival.
Of course the chance of better weather on the higher windy Salisbury Plains at the Stonehenge stone circle at the Summer Solstice (Litha) is higher than at the Winter Solstice (Yule), but whether everyone who participates in the Summer Solstice (Litha) realizes that the Winter Solstice (Yule) at the Stonehenge stone circle is much more important? After reading this chapter and other chapters on this web page, hopefully so!!
Of course I once experienced a Winter Solstice (Yule) at the Stonehenge stone circle, the weather was not exactly nice, moreover there were fighter jets flying over, because Salisbury Plains is also used as a military training ground, we will also come back to that.
| Back to the INDEX |
|---|
18. The mysterious Durrington Walls and Woodhenge
-
It is advised to read this chapter first:
- Dimensions, at the top of Durington Walls including the famous SOUTH CIRCLE, aligned in the same way in terms of solstices as the Avenue (link see below) to the Stonehenge stone circle, and thus also the alignment of the Stonehenge stone circle, but also that of Stanton Drew! (link see below) At the bottom Woodhenge
- The Woodhenge explanatory sign
- This is what you see, on the right the Woodhenge explanatory sign
- You can rest on it for a while, they are durable stone poles, not wooden
- This is how it could have been
- This is how it could have been
- This is how it could have been
The mysterious Durrington Walls and Woodhenge
We start with some maps and text from this story:
The Stonehenge site has an area of about 30 km2 (so more than 4000 football fields) and more than 400 prehistoric monuments, including the Stonehenge stone circle.
Top right Durrington Walls and Woodhenge
Top Durrington Walls and Woodhenge
According to the above image, made about 200 meters to the left of the visitor center in the direction of the Stonehenge stone circle, it is about a 90-minute walk over grassland v.v. to the Durrington Walls / Woodhenge and then you also have to walk back, or walk south, (to the right in this image) same distance or, even better, walk to the Stonehenge stone circle, from the Durrington Walls / Woodhenge this is about a 60 minute walk and show your ticket there, and then take the shuttle bus back to the visitor center.
From "Madurodam" it is about a 10 - 15 min walk south to the Durrington Walls and Woodhenge.
- If all goes well, you can walk to the Durrington Walls via the Avenue, of course you can also walk from the Durrington Walls...
The 2 Avenues of the Stonehenge site are discussed here:
Below images of resp. "Madurodam" and the (including walk)route to the Woodhenge parking
On the way to the Woodhenge parking you will (about 5 minutes walk from "Madurodam") automatically pass the Durrington Walls
We'll start with the story about the Woodhenge, a bit easier than the one about the Durrington Walls
First of all, the concept of WoodHENGE is not correct, the concept of WoodCIRCLE is better...
For more details on this confusing choice of words, see:
In summary:
Linguistically you can still disagree about the term Stonehenge, there is indeed a Stone circle within a Henge, but the whole site is also called Stonehenge and that sometimes causes confusion, I know from experience, which is why I have always talked about the Stonehenge stone circle and the Stonehenge site etc.
Since the Woodhenge NOT is in a Henge state, the concept of Woodhenge is therefore very confusing, I think! But it is no different, so established.... in short, so be it!
- And what is a Henge, is explained in this story:
- Explanation from top to bottom:
The Woodhenge and parts of Durrington Walls are made of wood, symbolizes life.
The Stonehenge stone circle is made of stone, symbolizes the death.
So there was a procession from the Avenues of the living to the dead!
So we will continue HERE with the Durrington Walls, but first these images with conclusion about the key question of the why of a.o. al die Woodhenge wooden poles, quote from this story:
- The high density wooden (timber) post monument top view
- The high density wooden (timber) post monument side view
- Around the Great Circle a large ditch of about 7 meters wide with a diameter of about 135 meters, surrounded by probably 1 or 2 earthen walls, in short a very impressive henge
- Maybe there was a roof on it???
- Overview
- On the North-East side of the Great Circle an approx. 50 meter wide entrance
- On the North-East side of the Great Circle an approx. 50 meter wide entrance with 'square-in-circle' or 'four-poster' construction, enlarged
- And finally some images with explanation:
- After that of course the key question:
WHY ALL THOSE GIGANTIC WOODEN POLES
Last but not least, the key question is of course:
WHY ALL THOSE GIGANTIC WOODEN POLES
My answer has always been, with an example from Uzbekistan, where I once went as a tour guide with a large group, see the top image below:
The local guide in Uzbekistan told me that each pole was maintained by a family / clan etc, the family / clan came to their pole to celebrate happy and sad events together as a family / clan or to commemorate it. In short, it was a place for meetings with the family / clan etc, just like we do, for example, at a funeral / cremation etc. or afterwards at a get-together, whether or not together, at a tombstone, for example.
The guide in Uzbekistan also said that no deceased were buried under or near the poles and that is also not the case with high density wooden (timber) post monuments
In short, the poles symbolize individual/group meeting places, and the architect has also incorporated this in the design of the visitor center of the Stonehenge site, See the bottom image below. A few times I have seen group photos taken at the poles at the visitor center!
From here on it's about the Durrington Walls:
Durrington Walls was/is a very large Henge, with a Wall and a Ditch!
For more info about the concept HENGE:
Summarized the dimensions and some years of Durrington Walls:
And of course a few things are explained in the image below!
Henge diameter Durrington Walls about 500 meters and so Durrington Walls is a Superhenge!
< br> Durrington Walls Ditch (ditch): 5.5 meters deep, about 7 meters bottom width, up to about 18 meters at the top of the ditch.
The Durrington Walls (earthen wall) sometimes had a width of 30 meters!
In summary, Durrington Walls is comparable to the AVEBURY henge.
Durrington Walls originated from about 2600BC, somewhere between 2800BC and 2100BC, used for about 500 years, from about 2600BC started with the construction of the henge, which, it is estimated, hundreds / thousands of people must have been needed.
Of the once undoubtedly imposing Durrington Walls there is now little more than just a "basin" as it is called, or a large shallow pit that is still visible.
It has been suggested that originally there were perhaps 1000 Neolithic houses, with perhaps 4000 inhabitants, initially without an earthen wall. The earthen wall was later sometimes built over some Neolithic houses!
The inhabitants of these Neolithic houses have been involved in the construction of the Stonehenge stone circle.
Behind the visitor center are a number of historically correct Neolithic houses, as they were on the Orkney Islands and in Durrington Walls.
Later the earthen wall was provided with about 7 meter high wooden poles, WHY??
And again the question where were all those wooden posts (timber posts) taken from and what a job to put them all upright at regular distances! WHY??
Initially it was thought that there were stones instead of wooden poles, but that turned out to be incorrect.
The South Circle in the Durrington Walls was aligned in the same way as the Avenue, the Stonehenge stone circle and Stanton Drew. All heading southeast in the direction of the sunrise during the Yule festival, or the winter solstice.
A little earlier in this story, with the Woodhenge images, there is this explanation in image 1:
- Durington Walls including the famous SOUTH CIRCLE, aligned in the same way in terms of solstices as the Avenue to the Stonehenge stone circle, and so also the alignment of the Stonehenge stone circle, but also that of Stanton Drew!
During the Yule feast sometimes 4000 people were present, during excavations bones etc of sacrificial animals were found of ca 7 - 8 months old, So born in the spring, a month before the summer solstice around June 20, but the summer solstice was hardly celebrated.
One of the arguments that the winter solstice was much more important than the summer solstice are the excavated bones of sacrificial animals of about 7 - 8 months old during the winter solstice. If the bones had been about 1 month old, the sacrificial animals would have been sacrificed during the summer solstice!
For an excellent English Heritage article about the excavated bones etc. during the winter solstice, click on this link:
For more background information on this site by Aad Engelfriet about Solstices, Equinoxes, Annual Festivals including the Yule / Yule Festival:
And last but not least, why is the addition mysterious Durrington Walls used in the title of this chapter?
Around 2020, in a circle of about 2 km, far outside the Durrington Walls, discovered wells in which a complete Trilithon would fit, again the question WHY??
So far about 20 of these gigantic wells have been discovered! It is now also called the largest prehistoric monument in Great Britain.
Explanation from top to bottom:
- Durrington Walls reconstruction, with arrows from left to right: Woodhenge of South Circle (?), Wall, Durrington Walls Avenue, River Avon
- Behind the visitor center are a number of historically accurate Neolithic houses. The inhabitants of the Durrington Walls Neolithic houses have been involved in the construction of the Stonehenge stone circle.
- Behind the fence around Woodhenge a piece of the Wall of Durrington Walls
- Of the once undoubtedly imposing Durrington Walls there is now little more than just a "basin" as it is called, or a still visible large shallow pit.
- Later the earthen wall was provided with about 7 meter high wooden poles, WHY??
And again the question where were all those wooden posts (timber posts) taken from and what a job to put them all upright at regular distances! WHY??
Initially it was thought that there were stones instead of wooden poles, but that turned out to be incorrect.
- As 5, but now enlarged, note the height of the 7 meter high poles compared to a man
- There are about 20 (small) yellow dots Around 2020, in a circle of about 2 km, far outside the Durrington Walls, wells were discovered in which a complete Trilithon would fit, again the question WHY?? So far, about 20 of these gigantic pits have been discovered! It is now also called the largest prehistoric monument in Great Britain.
- What dimensions of such a mysterious well, containing a Trilithon
What is a Trilithon, quote from this story:
- Translated to a Stonehenge Trilithon (tristone) a Stone hinge looks like this:
The Woodhenge and parts of Durrington Walls are made of wood, symbolizes life.
The Stonehenge stone circle is made of stone, symbolizes the death.
So there was a procession through the Avenues of the living to the dead!
The busiest "procession" from Woodhenge / Durrington Walls to the Stonehenge stone circle was with the Yule feast.
| Back to the INDEX |
|---|
19. The Stanton Drew Stone Circles and Wood Circles ("Woodhenges")
-
Stanton Drew is located about 15 km south of Bristol.
- Built about 4500 years ago, ceremonial in use around 2500BC.
- The Great Circle (there are/were a total of 3 stone circles, 1 large and 2 smaller) has a diameter of 113 meters, 26 stones can still be admired and that is what you can still see today!
- 4500 years ago there were those 9 concentric rings with wooden poles, Each pole was about 7 meters high! In Woodhenge, on the Stonehenge site, there were also wooden poles, but Stanton Drew is/was the largest and most (ex-) complex wooden monument in Great Britain!
- What is a Woodhenge?
- Around the Great Circle a large ditch of about 7 meters wide with a diameter of about 135 meters, Surrounded by probably 1 or 2 earthen walls, in short, a very impressive henge.
- And what is a Henge, is explained in this story:
- On the North-East side of the Great Circle an entrance about 50 meters wide. At this entrance there were 4 extra high wooden poles in a square. Around this square there were extra large heavy stone blocks, how they got them there and put them upright is still a mystery. Perhaps brought in via the nearest river Chew???
- Such a 'square-in-circle' or 'four-poster' construction I have never come across elsewhere in the country, but they seem to be there. What was the purpose of this square-in-circle' or 'four-poster' construction, maybe the basis for a podium at a ceremony or something, no one knows.
- The most special thing about Stanton Drew is that the alignment is the same as that of the Stonehenge stone circle: the line running through the center of the two smaller circles of Stanton Drew and the cove is the same as the main alignment for Stonehenge: with the winter solstice sunset in the southwest and the summer solstice sunrise in the opposite direction of the northeast!
- Let me explain, what is a Solstice::
- In short, a visit to Stanton Drew is recommended, it's also nice and quiet there of course, without the above information understandable?
- The high density wooden (timber) post monument top view
- The high density wooden (timber) post monument side view
- Around the Great Circle a large ditch of about 7 meters wide with a diameter of about 135 meters, surrounded by probably 1 or 2 earthen walls, in short a very impressive henge
- Maybe there was a roof on it???
- Overview
- On the North-East side of the Great Circle an approx. 50 meter wide entrance
- On the North-East side of the Great Circle an approx. 50 meter wide entrance with 'square-in-circle' or 'four-poster' construction, enlarged
There is a stone circle trail from Cornwall via Stonehenge, Avebury and Stanton Drew stone circles, see the following image:
Image is from this chapter:
If you have arrived there, and you don't know the story behind it, then people quickly think, what am I doing here (experience as a tour guide), this is what you get to see:
And of course the cove, in the garden of a pub, see the fourth image from the top or the second bottom, in the following image:
What is a cove, can be found here:
Why is Stanton Drew so interesting? Stanton Drew originally had 9 concentric rings with wooden poles, each pole was about 7 meters high, where they got them from is still a mystery.
Stanton Drew is/was the largest and most (ex-) complex wooden monument in Great Britain! Usually described in English as a high density wooden (timber) post monument.
Some details before we explain Stanton Drew with some images:
- After that of course the key question:
WHY ALL THOSE GIGANTIC WOODEN POLES
Last but not least, the key question is of course:
WHY ALL THOSE GIGANTIC WOODEN POLES
My answer has always been, with an example from Uzbekistan, where I once went as a tour guide with a large group, see the top image below:
The local guide in Uzbekistan told me that each pole was maintained by a family / clan etc, the family / clan came to their pole to celebrate happy and sad events together as a family / clan or to commemorate it. In short, it was a place for meetings with the family / clan etc, just like we do, for example, at a funeral / cremation etc. or afterwards at a get-together, whether or not together, at a tombstone, for example.
The guide in Uzbekistan also said that no deceased people were buried under or near the poles and that is also not the case with high density wooden (timber) post monuments
In short, the poles symbolize individual/group meeting places, and the architect has also incorporated this in the design of the visitor center of the Stonehenge site, See the bottom image below. A few times I have seen group photos taken at the poles at the visitor center!
| Back to the INDEX |
|---|
20. Heel Stone, Slaughter Stone and Altar Stone are very special Stonehenge stone circle stones
-
The Heel Stone was originally with two, the Heel STONES.
The (overturned) Slaughter Stone originally also had two, the upright Slaughter STONES.
The Heel Stones and the Slaughter Stones are part of the Alignment Stones, I always found much clearer.
Of the now fallen (and from outside the stone circle not visible) Altar Stone there was only one.
To be continued asap
| Back to the INDEX |
|---|
21. Titel
-
Omschrijving
| Back to the INDEX |
|---|
22. Titel
-
Omschrijving
| Back to the INDEX |
|---|
23. Titel
-
Omschrijving
| Back to the INDEX |
|---|
24. Titel
-
Omschrijving
| Back to the INDEX |
|---|
25. Titel
-
Omschrijving
| Back to the INDEX |
|---|
26. Titel
-
Omschrijving
| Back to the INDEX |
|---|
27. Titel
-
Omschrijving
| Back to the INDEX |
|---|
28. Titel
-
Omschrijving
| Back to the INDEX |
|---|
29. Titel
-
Omschrijving
| Back to the INDEX |
|---|
30. Titel
-
Omschrijving
| Back to the INDEX |
|---|
wordt vervolgd
Klik maar even hier
bla bla bla bla
Aan dit verhaal wordt nog gewerkt
